Introduction:
This British Standard outlines techniques for evaluating the ignitability of single material combinations, such as covers and fillings used in upholstered seating, or complete items of seating, when exposed to flaming ignition sources with thermal outputs ranging from that of a burning match to that roughly equivalent to the burning of four double-sided full-size newspapers, as might be accidentally applied to any piece of furniture.
An annex to this standard lists possible applications for the standard, such as indicating the potential ignitability of components when combined with other specified materials or in situations where more precise information regarding design aspects is needed.
Standards:
This British Standard supersedes BS 5852:1990, which is withdrawn.
BS5852:1990:Source 5
Methods of test for assessment of the ignitability of upholstered seating by smouldering and flaming ignition sources.
Crib 5 Test
The test procedure and flammability specifications for upholstery composites subjected to ignition sources 2 to 7 are described in the introduction to BS5852:1990. Each ignition source produces twice as many calories as the one before it. Butane flames are sources 2 and 3. (each of greater calorific output than that of the match source described in BS5852:1979). The cribs from sources 4 to 7 are depicted on the opposite. They range in weight from 8.5 grammes (source 4) to 126 grammes (source 7).
A wooden Crib 5 ignition source made of 20 sticks of Scots Pine weights 17 grams (plus or minus 1 gram) (Pinus Silvestris). This is the most popular ignition source for testing contract furniture fabric in the UK.
1990:Source 5 of BS5852 Procedure: The fabric cover is fastened over the filler that makes up the seat and back of a little "chair." The test fabric is 1100mm by 650mm in size (length x width). Prior to testing, all fabric and filling materials are kept in a climate-controlled space (where the temperature and relative humidity are both controlled) for a predetermined period of time. Additionally, the testing are carried out under predetermined temperature and humidity ranges. The center of the rig is where the ignition source is located. Events that occur after the ignition of the crib are noted, such as the time until fabric ignition, cover separation, and flame extinction. The filler material is checked for damage once all flaring fire has subsided.
The test technique specifies upper and lower limitations for the assembly's potential burn duration and filling potential damage. The test assembly is evaluated to have satisfied or failed to comply with the test requirements based on its performance against these pass/fail criteria. Every test is carried out twice. The pass/fail criteria must be met by both replicate test assemblies in order for the test to pass.
Filling Component: Ideally, the upholstery test's filling component should match that of the final product. In reality, fabric suppliers are unlikely to be aware of the type of filling that will be used when the furniture is assembled.
As a result, we use CMHR foam with a density of about 35 kg/cubic meter to conduct the majority of Crib 5 tests. There has a 75mm filling depth.
The two main regions that are taken into consideration are progressive smouldering and blazing ignition. Depending on the ignition source employed, different pass/fail criteria apply; for the purposes of this account, only those criteria related to source 5 are detailed. The fail criteria, taking into account progressive smouldering first, are;
any specimen that necessitates forced extinction because it is dangerous to continue testing due to the rising smouldering burning.
any specimen that smoulders to the extremities of the specimen or until it is eaten.
any specimen that, 60 minutes after lighting the crib, emits any observable heat, smoke, or glowing.
The fail conditions for flame ignition are;
blazing combustion that intensifies to the point where it is risky to continue testing and needs to be put out by force.
any specimen that burns before being ingested during the test.
any specimen where the flame front penetrates through the entire thickness of the composite or reaches the specimen extremities (other than the top of the vertical section).
any specimen that blazes after lighting the crib for 10 minutes.
After lighting the crib on fire, a small floor fire started by test specimen debris burns for more than 10 minutes.
This standard includes the following cross references:
BS EN 1021-1, BS EN 1021-2.
In view of the annual UK Fire Statistics, the upholstered furniture safety regulation has been introduced in 1980 in Great Britain. This regulation is applied to upholstered seating sold commercially and stipulates that the specification of the BS 5852 must be met The objective of this standard is to measure the ignitability of upholstered furniture composite.
Feature:
test box and sample holder part
1. The sample support is made of stainless steel plate, which is corrosion-resistant;
2. Independent gas control cabinet;
3. Size of sample support: back frame: 450mm X 300mm when ruler; chair table frame 450mm X 150mm; frame can be hinged
The shaft is fixed at right angles; ( GBT 18029 , IS08191-1~2: 1988, EN 1021 )
4. Optional sample support 1: back frame: 450mm X 450mm when ruler; chair table frame 450mm X 300mm; (BS 5852)
5. Optional sample support 2: 450mm X 450mm (EN597-1~2)
6. Equipped with metal needles for passing cigarettes;
7. Diagonal length of steel mesh is 28mm;
Dibutane flame control system
1. Independent gas control box, size: 570*400*420mm;
2. The inlet gas flow meter accurately displays the gas flow rate of 0-500m/min; (used for flame control of fire source 1.23);
3. The system reminds when 1 hour is up;
4. The imported needle valve precisely controls the gas flow rate;
5. Burner stainless steel processing, outer diameter 8mm+0.1mm inner diameter 65mmt0.1mm length 200+5mm;
6. The angle of the burner can be adjusted horizontally and vertically;
7. Imported gas pressure regulating valve;
8. Precision gas pressure gauge; .
9. Equipped with timer accuracy 1s;
10. The test environment temperature is 10.0C-30.0C and the relative humidity is 15.0% ~ 80%.
Note: Gas customers bring their own.
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